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Caracterización de catalizadores sulfurados W/USY y su actividad en la hidrodesulfuración de gasóleo

 

Characterization of sulfided W/USY catalysis and their activity in hydrodesulfurization of gas oil

 

A. Gutiérrez-Alejandre¹*, J. Ramírez¹, R. Cid², A. López-Agudo³, I. Puente Lee

 

¹ UNICAT, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, CP. 04510, México City, D.F. México. * Autor para la correspondencia. E-mail: aidag@unam.mx.

² Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.

³ Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, (Campus Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, España.

 

Recibido 27 de mayo de 2014.
Aceptado 23 de septiembre de 2014.

 

Resumen

Se prepararon dos catalizadores de WS2 soportados en zeolita Y ultra estable mediante impregnación con soluciones acuosas de metatungstato de amonio a pH ácido (2.7) y básico (11). Estos catalizadores se caracterizaron por HRTEM, SEM-EDX y adsorción de NO (FT-IR) para determinar si la localización y dispersión de las especies de sulfuro de W cambia después del proceso de activación y qué consecuencias tiene este cambio en la actividad catalítica para hidrodesulfuración (HDS) de gasóleo. El catalizador W-2.7 mostró una mayor concentración y distribución homogénea de las estructuras laminares de WS2 en la superficie externa de la zeolita, así como una menor dispersión de WS2 dentro de sus cavidades, con respecto a W-11. El catalizador W-2.7 mostró una mayor actividad en la hidrodesulfuración de gasóleo. Los resultados de caracterización indican que debido al tamaño de las moléculas de azufre presentes en el gasóleo, su hidrodesulfuración ocurre predominantemente en la superficie externa de la zeolita, donde este catalizador mostró mayor dispersión de las especies de WS2.

Palabras clave: hidrodesulfuración, gasóleo, USY, zeolita, tungsteno.

 

Abstract

Two catalysts of tungsten sulfide supported on an ultra-stable Y zeolite were prepared by impregnation with aqueous solutions of ammonium metatungstate at acidic (2.7) and basic (11) pH values. The catalysts were characterized by HRTEM, SEM-EDX and FT-IR of adsorbed NO to determine if the location and dispersion of the WS2 particles is changed after the activation of the catalyst, and what consequences this has on the catalyst activity during the HDS of gasoil. W-2.7 catalyst showed a higher concentration and homogeneous distribution of the WS₂ structures on the external surface of the zeolite support, and a decreased amount within the zeolite cavities with respect to W-11. The catalyst prepared at pH=2.7 exhibited higher activity in the HDS of gasoil. The characterization results indicate that because of the size of the sulfur molecules present in the gasoil, their hydrodesulfurization occurs mainly on the external surface of the zeolite, where this catalyst displays a superior dispersion of the WS₂ species.

Keywords: hydrodesulfurization, gasoil, USY, zeolite, tungsten.

 

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Agradecimientos

Al apoyo financiero de DGICYT, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, España, proyecto BQU2001-2126, y al Programa de Cooperación Bilateral CSIC (España)/CONACYT (México). A Toural Quiroga por su ayuda en las mediciones de actividad catalítica.

 

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