The environmental dependence of the fraction of 'unconventional' galaxies: luminous late–types and faint early–types

 

Xin–Fa Deng, Bei Yang, Cheng–Hong Luo, Xiao–Xia Qian, and Ying–Ping Ding

 

School of Science, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China, 330031 (xinfadeng@163.com; yangbei@ncu.edu.cn; luochenghong@ncu.edu.cn; qianxiaoxia@ncu.edu.cn; dingyp63@163.com).

 

Received 2012 June 7.
Accepted 2012 August 13.

 

RESUMEN

Usamos la muestra principal, limitada en volumen, del Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR7), para explorar la dependencia ambiental de la fracción de galaxias 'no convencionales', esto es, galaxias luminosas de tipo tardío, y galaxias débiles de tipo temprano. Encontramos que la fracción de galaxias tempranas débiles aumenta significativamente al aumentar la densidad local, y que la fracción de galaxias tardías luminosas decrece un poco al aumentar la densidad local. Esto muestra que existe una dependencia ambiental de la morfología, además de la luminosidad.

 

ABSTRACT

Using the volume–limited main galaxy sample constructed from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR7), we have explored the environmental dependence of the fraction of 'unconventional' galaxies: luminous late–types and faint early–types. It is found that the fraction of faint early–types increases substantially with increasing local density, and that the fraction of luminous late–types weakly decreases with increasing local density. This shows that there is an environmental dependence for morphology beyond that for luminosity.

Key Words: galaxies: fundamental parameters — galaxies: statistics.

 

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank the anonymous referee for many use ful comments and suggestions. Our study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant 10863002). Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSSWeb site is http://www.sdss.org. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve University, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, John Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAM- OST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New México State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the US Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington.

 

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