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Revista mexicana de micología
Print version ISSN 0187-3180
Rev. Mex. Mic vol.28 spe Xalapa Dec. 2008
Contribuciones
Melanogaster minysporus sp. nov., a new sequestrate member of the Boletales from Mexico
Melanogaster minysporus sp. nov. un nuevo miembro secuestrado de los Boletales de México
Efrén Cázares1, Gonzalo Guevara2, Jesús García2, James M. Trappe1
1 Oregon State University, Department of Forest Ecosystem and Society, Corvallis, Oregon 973315752, USA.
2 Instituto Tecnológico de Cd. Victoria, Av. Portes Gil 1301 Pte. C.P. 87010, A.P. 175 Cd. Victoria, Tam., México.
*Autor para correspondencia:
mycoroots@comcast.net
Received 10 October 2008
Accepted 5 December 2008
Resumen
Se describe una nueva especie Melanogaster minysporus recolectada en el norte de México, en el estado de Nuevo León. La especie se distingue por presentar un peridio amarillo brillante que se mancha de rojizo cuando se maltrata y por las esporas pequeñas.
Palabras clave: Paxillaceae, hipogeos, Quercus.
Abstract
Melanogaster minysporus is described as a new species from northern Mexico (Nuevo Leon). It is distinctive in the genus in having a bright yellow peridium that stains reddish where bruised in fresh and small spores.
Key words. Paxillaceae, hypogeous, Quercus.
Introduction
Carl Lumholtz, a Norwegian explorer, collected Melanogaster variegatus var. mexicanus Farlow nom. nud. (= M. umbrinigleba Trappe & Guzmán) while exploring the Chihuahuan mountains in northern Mexico (Lumholtz, 1902). This was the first record of a sequestrate fungus from Mexico. Cázares et al. 1992 described Melanogaster variegatus found in oak forests in northern Mexico. Here we describe another new Melanogaster species from northern Mexico. It is notable for its bright yellow peridium and small spores.
Materials and methods
The methods of Castellano et al. (1989) were used for the morphological description. Handcut sections were mounted in 5% KOH and Melzer's reagent for examination by compound and stereomicroscopy.
Results
Melanogaster minysporus Cázares, Guevara, García & Trappe, sp. nov.
Basidiomata 1335 x 1027 mm, globosa vel subglobosalobata. Peridium flavissimum, ubi contusum rubescens, 160240 µm crassum, hyphis intertextis. Gleba solida, gelatinosacatilaginea, maturitate brunneola vel brunnea venis albis vel flavis marmorata. Sporae subfusiformes vel obovoideae, (5) 5.56.5 x (3) 45 µm, laeves, avellaneaevelbrunnea.
Holotypus hic designatus: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Santiago, El Barro, Guevara 907, ITCV
Basidiomata hypogeous, 1335 x 1027 mm, globose to subgloboselobed, depressed at the base, the surface smooth to finely fibrillose, bright yellow, staining reddish where bruised when fresh. Gleba solid, gelatinousrubbery, pale brown in youth, at maturity dark brown with white to yellow, sterile veins. KOH reddish brown on fresh peridium and black on dried specimens. FeS04 black on dried specimens.
Peridium 160240 µm thick. Epicutis of appressed, hyaline, thickwalled up to 1 µm thick, interwoven hyphae upto 4 µm in diam with clamp connections, orangebrown to yellowbrown in KOH and Melzer's reagent. Subcutis of interwoven hyphae, thin to thick walled, hyphae hyaline in KOH and yellowish in Melzer's reagent. Spores (5) 5.56.5 x (3) 45 µm, subfusoid to obovate, smooth, thickwalled, up to 1 µm thick, the sterigmal attachment distinct, in KOH and Melzer's reagent yellow brown to brown singly, dark brown to black in mass.
Etymology: Greek, miny (small) and spora (spores).
Habitat and season: Hypogeous to subhypogeous, single to gregarious, in mixed PinusQuercus forests, under Quercus canbyi and Q. rhyzophylla. August through September.
Collections examined: HOLOTYPE: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Santiago, El Barro, camino al paraje del oso, 6 August, 2007, Guevara 907 (ITCV, isotype OSC). PARATYPES (all ITVC): Nuevo Leon, Sierra Madre Oriental, Mpio. Santiago, Cañon de Puerto Genovevo, 11 September 1983, García 3802; 7 September 1983, García 3803; 7 August 1983, García 3804; 7 August 1983, García 3805; 29 September 1983, García 3814; Mpio. Guadalupe, La Pastora, 20 June 1984, G. Valencia s.n.
Discussion. This species is distinguished by its bright yellow peridium that stains reddish where bruised when fresh, KOH and FeSO4 black on dried peridium, and small spores. Melanogaster ovoidisporus Y. Wang, described from China (Wang et al., 1995) is a similar species with small spores (5) 5.56.5 (7) x (3.5) 45 (5.8) µm, but its peridium is brown. They also described M. ovoidisporus var. angustatosporus K. Tao, Chang & Liu with narrower spores 5.56.5 (7) x 34 µm.
Alpova microspora (Velen.) Trappe, has a yellow peridium and a rubberygelatinous gleba, but its spores are fusiform to oblong, (4) 4.56 (7) x 23 (4) µm and its gleba stains red when exposed; this species was described from central Europe (Trappe, 1975).
Acknowledgments
We thank the Dirección General de Educación Superior Tecnológica for financial support.
References
Castellano, M.A., J.M. Trappe, Z. Maser, C. Maser, 1989. Key to spores of the genera of hypogeous fungi of north temperate forests with special reference to animal mycophagy. Mad River Press, Eureka, California. [ Links ]
Cázares, E., J. García, J. Castillo, J. M. Trappe, 1992. Hypogeous fungi from northern Mexico. Mycologia 84: 341359. [ Links ]
Lumholtz, C. 1902. Unknown Mexico. Vol 1. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. [ Links ]
Trappe, J. M. 1975. A revision of the genus Alpova with notes on Rhizopogon and the Melanogastraceae. Nova Hedwigia Beiheft 51: 279310. [ Links ]
Wang, Y., Chang, M., Tao, K., Liu, B. 1995. New species and new varieties of the genus Melanogaster from Ching. Journal of Shanxi University (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 18: 449453. [ Links ]