Abstract

PAREDES-GARCIA, Jorge I.; SALCEDO-CUADRADO, José J.  and  MALDONADO-RENGEL, Ruth. Risk factors for the development of preeclampsia and eclampsia in pregnancy. Perinatol. Reprod. Hum. [online]. 2023, vol.37, n.2, pp.72-79.  Epub Oct 02, 2023. ISSN 2524-1710.  https://doi.org/10.24875/per.23000003.

Preeclampsia is a condition of unknown origin, with a high incidence in maternal and neonatal health, characterized as a severe multisystemic gestational hypertension from the 20th week of gestation until childbirth and postpartum. Among the most prevalent disorders worldwide, in Ecuador was the main cause of maternal death during 2022. The objective was to conduct a literature review regarding risk factors that predispose pregnant women to preeclampsia. Through a literature review of studies corresponding to predisposing factors for the development of preeclampsia and eclampsia in pregnant women, whose results were focused on adult patients diagnosed with said pathologies through the PICO strategy, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Preeclampsia involves a variety of pathological familial risk factors such as prior preeclampsia, hypertension, renal diseases, diabetes, and obesity; other factors include age, race, twin pregnancies, multiparity, and diverse parental lineage. The significant factors for presenting the disease were mostly gynecobstetric factors, prominently multiparity, age, obesity, malnutrition, prior hypertension, and hereditary factors.

Keywords : Preeclampsia; Eclampsia; Risk factors; Pregnancies; Maternal death; Neonatal death.