Abstract

MORENO R., Oscar Humberto; CRUZ MEDINA, Isidro Roberto; HERRARA ANDRADE, Hermelinda  and  TURRENT FERNANDEZ, Antonio. Optimization of six productive factors for sunflower. Terra Latinoam [online]. 2012, vol.30, n.1, pp.89-96. ISSN 2395-8030.

The main problem of sunflower in southern Sonora is its low profitability, which is due to low grain yield and high production costs. In order to increase the profitability of this crop, six productive factors were studied: irrigation scheduling, insect control, genotypes and N, P and density rates (N-P-D), these factors were studied in a split-plot design established in an experimental site with soil with typical clay texture. The objective of this research was to generate production technology for sunflower, in this work with optimum production technology, it was hypothesized that sunflower represents an alternative crop for this region. Results showed that irrigation schedule, was the factor with the greatest influence in sunflower yield among the treatments of whole plots, insect control is not justified economically and the yield difference among genotypes was not significant. The optimum schedule has a pre sown irrigation of 15 cm and three auxiliary irrigations of 12 cm each one, at intervals of 40, 30 and 20 days with a total irrigation depth of 51 cm. Due to the significant interaction of genotypes, insect control and fertilizers; for the optimum irrigation schedule, with no insect control, the optimum economic rates of N, P and D in small plots were obtained for each genotype. The comparison among net return permitted us to select genotype Madero-91, with an optimum rate of 0 kg ha-1 of N, 0 kg ha-1 of Pand85000 plants per ha.

Keywords : irrigation schedule; optimum economic rates of nitrogen-phosphorus-plant density.