Background and Aims:

Urbanization has led to a reduction in the extent of native vegetation in cities. Urban forests serve as a refuge for biodiversity. Xalapa-Banderilla conurbation in Veracruz, Mexico, due to its large area of remaining cloud forest (BMM by its acronym in Spanish) in the urban area, is considered a green city. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the diversity and structure of the remaining vegetation of BMM in four urban forests in this region.

Methods:

The structure and plant composition were characterized through five plots of 20×20 m in each of the four studied sites (400 m2; 0.2 ha per site; 0.8 ha in total), with a total of 0.8 ha. These plots exhibited a forest structure, with a canopy coverage exceeding 70%. Within each plot, woody vegetation with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥5 cm was recorded. Analyses of diversity, diameter and height distribution, and the application of the Importance Value Index (IVI) were performed.

Key results:

A total of 1049 individuals belonging to 38 families, 55 genera, and 71 woody species were recorded. It was observed that Clavijero-El Haya is the urban forest that maintains the structure and composition of the cloud forest ecosystem (BMM), while El Tejar Garnica showed the least affinity to the BMM. In other words, these urban forests are in different successional stages, reflecting their disturbance histories.

Conclusions:

The transformation processes in these areas have modified the composition and structure of the fragments. However, they still harbor endemic species or species classified under some risk category. These species are part of the cloud forest ecosystem, which is severely threatened. Therefore, these remaining fragments are of great importance for conservation, particularly in urban environments.