Abstract

FAJARDO PERAFAN, Daniel Alexander; ARTEAGA, Danny  and  LENIS VELASQUEZ, Luis Alberto. Experimental design with a green approach in the Kröhnke reaction for the synthesis of terpyridines. Educ. quím [online]. 2023, vol.34, n.3, pp.63-88.  Epub Dec 20, 2023. ISSN 0187-893X.  https://doi.org/10.22201/fq.18708404e.2023.3.85009.

The 2,2’:6’,2’’-terpirydines are considered versatile precursors for obtaining metal complexes widely used in important applications, both in basic and applied science. For this reason, synthetic methodologies with alternative routes should be explored that, when compared with traditional ones, stand out for presenting better results and with a greater impact on our environment. The appropriation of these alternatives, together with the fulfillment of a well-planned experimental design, will allow us to transcend the training of our students in concepts of organic synthesis with an approach framed within green chemistry. In this research, the use of the Kröhnke reaction is described as a model strategy to evaluate the suitability of a 3x2 experimental design focused on obtaining a series of 4’-aryl-2,2’:6’,2’’-terpyridines, by microwave irradiation heating. For which a didactic sequence is proposed as a teaching-learning method in the laboratory, so that chemistry and related sciences students can carry out an experimental design in various contexts, through a step-by-step guided methodology, in which the expected learning objectives are achieved. The parameters, microwave power and irradiation time, were studied as determining variables in the process and the reaction yields. The characterization of the compounds was carried out through the measurement of their physical properties, spectroscopic and spectrophotometric techniques.

Keywords : Kröhnke reaction; organic synthesis; 2,2’:6’,2’’-terpyridines; green chemistry; microwave irradiation.