Abstract

GUTIERREZ CASTILLO, Adriana del Carmen; PAASCH MARTINEZ, Leopoldo Henri  and  CALDERON APODACA, Norma Leticia. Salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis, the most prevalent zoonosis in the world. Vet. Méx [online]. 2008, vol.39, n.1, pp.81-90. ISSN 0301-5092.

Nowadays salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis are the most prevalent diseases transmitted to humans through contaminated food of animal origin in developed countries. Propagation of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium has increased since the second half of the twentieth century, derived from two changes in the epidemiology of salmonellosis that occurred worldwide: the emergence of human infections caused by Salmonella Enteritidis, and the multiple resistances against antibiotics of Salmonella Typhimurium strains. Most retrospective studies suggest an epidemiological relationship between human infections and poultry products. Modernization of poultry industry and exportation of progenitor stock birds have played an important roll disseminating Salmonella Enteritidis. Campylobacteriosis is the most frequent enteric bacterial diseases in developed countries. Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of acute infectious diarrheas, and the sources of infection are mainly poultry products. The present review includes relevant taxonomic and pathogenic aspects of these organisms; and stresses the problematic of diagnosis and detection, analyzing techniques that permit rapid detection of animal carriers. Finally, some preliminary findings, not yet published, suggest that a prevalence of salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis in Mexican poultry farms must be similar to that found in other countries with massive poultry production; therefore, epidemiological studies to determine the frequency of human infections, derived from poultry consumption, are recommended.

Keywords : Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Typhimurium; Campylobacter jejuni; Campylobacter COLI; Epidemiology; Zoonosis.

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