Abstract

MAGANA SANCHEZ, Ignacio J; GARCIA-NUNEZ, Luis Manuel  and  NUNEZ-CANTU, Olliver. What is new in fluid-therapy and hemo-therapy strategies for hemorrhagic shock due to trauma?. Cir. gen [online]. 2011, vol.33, n.4, pp.255-261. ISSN 1405-0099.

Objective: To provide the surgeon with knowledge on the different alternatives to manage the hemorrhagic shock patient, with its advantages and disadvantages. Setting: Hospital Central Militar (Third level health care hospital). Design: Review of the literature. Material and methods: Review of articles from Medline, OVID; LILACS-BBIREME databases. Subjects chosen were: reanimation fluidotherapy, permissive hypotension and delayed reanimation, coagulopathy and protocolized hemotherapy. Results: Hypertonic saline solution (HTSL) improves oxygenation and tissular perfusion, reduces the systemic inflammatory response and pulmonary injury due to reperfusion when compared with isotonic crystalloid solutions, its use prevents death in the first six hours after the hemodynamic dysfunction. Independently from the chosen solution to perform reanimation, promptness to install it and its adequate application will avoid: 1) ubiquitination of erythrocyte α-spectrin, which leads to systemic microthromboses and multiple organ failure and 2) a sustained relaxation of the postcapillary sphincter. Based on clinical controlled randomized studies, there is no evidence that resuscitation with colloids reduces the risk of death when compared to crystalloids, therefore crystalloids remain as choice fluids for the resuscitation of the traumatized patient presenting with hemorrhagic shock. Reanimation with low volumes decreases the rate of re-bleeding, preserves the immune response, prevents the inflammatory response mediated by cytokines and the postoperative complications, obtaining large improvements in survival. Conclusion: The adequate knowledge of the most recent concepts on reanimation therapy will help reduce to a maximum the use of crystalloids, reduce the magnitude of their infusion, and thereby, improve the conditions of the severely traumatized patients arriving at the Intensive Care Unit

Keywords : Shock; solutions; blood products.