Abstract

RIBEIRO, Márcia Vaz et al. Betacyanin and antioxidant system in tolerance to salt stress in Alternanthera philoxeroides. Agrociencia [online]. 2014, vol.48, n.2, pp.199-210. ISSN 2521-9766.

Salinity is a limiting factor fot growth and development, since it affects several physiological processes in plants. This trial aimed to assess the levels of photosynthetic pigments, betacyanins, lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidant enzymes in Alternanthera philoxeroides under salt stress. Plants originated from an in vitro culture were acclimatized and irrigated with sodium chloride (0, 200 and 400 mM) for 30 d. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 3×2 factorial arrangement of treatments: three concentrations of NaCl and two plant tissues (stems and leaves). The experimental data was subjected to an analysis of variance and means where compared using Tukey test (p≤0.05). The levels of chlorophylls a, chlorophylls b and total carotenoids presented similar responses, decreasing their values according to salt concentrations, while the chlorophyll a/b ratio of the plants that were submitted to the highest salt concentration presented a significant increase when compared to the control. Higher levels of betacyanin were observed on stems, when compared to the leaves, in the highest salt concentrations. On the leaves, there was a significant increase of lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity, whereas roots showed an increase of the enzymes catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. Salt stress caused greater degradation in the photosynthetic pigments, increment of betacyanin synthesis in stems, and damage to the cell membranes of the leaves. However, the increase of antioxidant enzymes activity stimulated the protective system against oxidative stress. It is concluded that Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. plants present reduction in levels of photosynthetic pigments, increased synthesis of betacyanins and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves and roots when exposed to salt stress.

Keywords : Amaranthaceae; alligator weed; sodium chloride; photosynthetic pigments; antioxidant enzymes.