Abstract

SANTA-ROSA, René H. et al. Productivity and end use quality of bread wheats in relation to diseases. Agrociencia [online]. 2016, vol.50, n.8, pp.1027-1039. ISSN 2521-9766.

Wheat diseases cause up to 70 % of the yield losses and affect industrial grain quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of agronomic variables and industrial quality by controlling diseases in susceptible and resistant genotypes of flour wheat. Nine genotypes were planted under rainfed conditions at four locations: Bellavista (state of Morelos); Chapingo, Juchitepec and Coatepec (Estado de Mexico). Folicur® and Sportak® were used as fungicides. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with two replications in a split land plot array of treatments, in which the largest plots were the treatments with and without fungicide and the small land plots were the varieties. The experimental unit was of four rows of 3 m length, separated 30 cm apart from each other. An ANOVA was carried out with the data and treatments means were compared with the Tukey test (p≤0.05). There were significant differences between locations, genotypes and in the location-genotype and genotype-fungicide interactions in most of the analyzed variables. Foliar diseases caused between 7.3 % and 28.6 % yield loss, which depended on each genotype tolerance to foliar disease complex and their yield potential. Rebeca F2000, Juchi F2000 and Tlaxcala F2000 varieties showed minor losses in leaf area and grain yield, but Pavon F76 and Galvez M87 presented an opposite behavior. Chemical control of disease increased hectolitre weight but decreased protein content, and with it, dough strength and bread volume in some genotypes. Therefore, the use of disease tolerant varieties or fungicides application will allow higher yield, appropriate hectolitre weight for the milling industry, and strong-balanced or extensible dough that favor bread volume.

Keywords : Wheat; industrialization quality; disease control; loss.