Abstract

BANUELOS-VALENZUELA, Rómulo et al. Chemical composition and FTIR of ethane extracts of Larrea tridentata, Origanum vulgare, Artemisa ludoviciana and Ruta graveolens. Agrociencia [online]. 2018, vol.52, n.3, pp.309-321. ISSN 2521-9766.

The active principles of aromatic plants can be relevant in the plant-plant interaction and primary source of one or more biochemical compounds. The genetic, agronomic and environmental factors determine the use of the extracts of plants as antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant agents. The hypothesis of this study was that the bioactive compounds of the extracts are phenolic compounds. The objective was to analyze the chemical composition and infrared spectroscopy, with Fourier transformation (FTIR), the ethanolic extracts of Larrea tridentata, Origanum vulgare, Artemisa ludoviciana and Ruta graveolens collected in the municipalities of Villa de Cos, Valparaiso and Calera de Victor Rosales, Zacatecas, Mexico. The collection of the plants was random in Spring and Summer of 2014 and 2015. Eleven samples (20 g, dry base) were analyzed, two of R. graveolens and three of the other species. The extracts were prepared with ethanol 70 %. In addition to the chemical profile (qualitative tests) and chemical composition by gas chromatograph (quantitative tests), the chemical structure was determined through FTIR. Unsaturates and esters were identified in the extracts of the four species; in addition, carbohydrates and flavonoids were identified in L. tridentata, in O. vulgare, carbohydrates, flavonoids and saponins, in A. ludoviciana, coumarins and saponins and in R. graveolens, flavonoids and saponins. The chemical composition showed the presence of thymol, carvacrol, terpinene, linalol and limonene in different concentrations. The FTIR analysis showed presence of groups C=C aromatics, groups C-O, links C-H, rings C=O, vibration of the aliphatic CH2 group and vibration of the hydroxyl group. The qualitative and quantitative analyses made it possible to identify phenolic compounds, and with FTIR the chemical structure of the extracts was identified.

Keywords : extracts; chemical profile; chemical composition; phenolic compounds.