Abstract

GUILLEN-ORTEGA, Fernando; SOTO, María Elena  and  REYES, Pedro A. Primary Acute Myocarditis. A 10- years institutional experience at the National Institute of Cardiology "I. Chavez" . Arch. Cardiol. Méx. [online]. 2005, vol.75, suppl.3, pp.81-88. ISSN 1665-1731.

Acute myocarditis (AM) is associated with viral infections: Coxsackie and ECHOviruses among others. Autoimmunity has been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism. Benefit of classic immunosuppression (prednisone-azathioprine) or immunomodulation (monomeric-human IgG) is still uncertain. Objective: To review incidence and clinical approach to AM at a Cardiology referral center. Material and methods: A 10-yeard period (1992-2003) is reviewed. A standard ques-tionary was applied to 49 consecutive patients referred by clinicians with a diagnosis of AM. Results: AM was found in 17 women and 32 men, median age 24 and 28 years, respectively. They presented heart failure with dyspnea/ortop-nea (70-47%), peripheral edema/jugular vein plethora (41-37%), chest pain, and tachycardia (50%), NYHA functional class was III-IV in 22. The EKG showed sinus tachycardia or conduction defects. Transthoracic echocardiograms in 47 cases showed EF (mean) of 41% with enlarged left ventricle diameter. Antivirus antibodies were present in 54% of those cases studied, Coxsackie or ECHOvirus were identified through a serologic assay. Twenty-nine (61%) of our cases developed dilated cardiomyopathy, three patients died. It is not possible to reach a conclusion regard to immunomodulation therapy, because it was applied to only 12 patients. Conclusions: At the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "I. Chávez", AM depicts an incidence of 1/1,000 patients a year. It is necessary to standardize the clinical approach for diagnosis and treatment, progression to dilated cardiomyopathy and deadth during acute stage occurs in two-thirds of our patients

Keywords : Myocarditis; Cardiomyopathy; Enterovirus.