Abstract

JOYA-DAVILA, José Gregorio et al. Biochemical and morphometric changes in Coffea arabica after a treatment with ethyl methanosulfonate. Biotecnia [online]. 2023, vol.25, n.3, pp.36-41.  Epub May 27, 2024. ISSN 1665-1456.  https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v25i3.1969.

The use of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is a technology used to increase the genetic variability of cultivars. In coffee genetic improvement, EMS could generate new phenotypic and biochemical traits of agricultural importance. The objective of this research was to determine the changes in morphology and production of secondary metabolites in coffee plants generated from cell lines treated with EMS. Callus of Coffea arabica cv., Borbon were exposed to nine concentrations of EMS, and subsequently, the percentage of survival and fresh biomass were determined. Plants were regenerated on MS medium supplemented with vitamins, antioxidants, and 6-benzylaminopurine. At 20 weeks, morphological changes were observed compared to the callus not treated with EMS. Using dried leaves, secondary metabolites were extracted and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Callus survival and growth decreased with increasing EMS concentration (mean lethal dose: 148.8 mM), in seedlings, it generated changes in leaf morphology, dwarfism, and the formation of three meristems, which would increase the number of leaves. Finally, 140 mM of EMS increased the content of caffeine, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid.

Keywords : mutagenesis; EMS; genetic variability; secondary metabolism.

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