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Revista mexicana de ingeniería química

Print version ISSN 1665-2738

Abstract

MORENO-CASTRO, L.E. et al. Nixtamalization assisted with ultrasound: effect on mass transfer and physicochemical properties of nixtamal, masa and tortilla. Rev. Mex. Ing. Quím [online]. 2015, vol.14, n.2, pp.265-279. ISSN 1665-2738.

The effects of ultrasound during maize nixtamalization at different temperatures on the properties of nixtamal, masa and tortilla were evaluated. White maize; was nixtamalized at 85 and 95 °C, with and without ultrasound (843 W-m-2). Pericarp removal, the water and calcium absorption kinetics, and the apparent diffusion coefficients (DA) from Fick's second law, the thermal and structural properties of the nixtamalized flours and thee texture of the masa and tortillas were; determined. The ultrasound and temperature affected significantly the water and calcium absorptions kinetics, showing linear and asymptotic tendencies during cooking and steeping , respectively. These were described adequately by Fick's model, and the ultrasound significantly increased the DA of water (2.54-3.93x 10-10m2.s-1). Over 80% of the pericarp was removed during cooking. The gelatinization enthalpy showed a decreaseat 95 °C. Microscopy images showed spherical and polygonal granules at 85 °C, and a shape loss with increasing diameter by ultrasound effect (95 °C). Nixtamalization assisted by ultrasound reduced the processing time compared with traditional or industrial process.

Keywords : nixtamalization; ultrasound; calcium; texture; tortilla.

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