Abstract

RIVERA-CASTANO, Leopoldo. Obstructive sleep apnea is a risk comorbidity for COVID-19 fatality: A review. Part I. Rev. mex. neurocienc. [online]. 2021, vol.22, n.3, pp.112-123.  Epub June 25, 2021. ISSN 2604-6180.  https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.20000093.

The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus became a pandemic, and since the first cases reported in December 2019 to 28 October 2020, more than 44 million positive cases have been recorded with an accumulated fatality of 1,172,086 people due to the complication of mild infection of the upper airway to a severe disease of the lower airway, such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death from multiple organ failure. Comorbidities such as age over 40 years, obesity, and diabetes mellitus play an important role in the response inflammatory and immunological that can accelerate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines causing endothelial dysfunction that produces endotheliitis, hypercoagulability, and fibrinolysis not only at lung level but also in other organs such as the heart and central nervous system. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which has a high prevalence in older adults with obesity, is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction due to hypoxia that may favor hyper inflammation in response to SARS-CoV-2 and therefore OSA should be considered serious comorbidity for COVID-19 fatality. A review of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2, obesity, and OSA may contribute to have more tools in the prevention and treatment of serious complications of COVID-19.

Keywords : Obstructive sleep apnea; Coronavirus disease-19; Comorbidities; Risk factors.

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