Abstract

VILLASENOR MIR, Héctor Eduardo; LIMON ORTEGA, Agustín; ESPITIA RANGEL, Eduardo  and  MARISCAL AMARO, Luis Antonio. Systems of sowing in wheat: facing the scarcity of water caused by the global warming. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2011, vol.2, n.spe2, pp.281-293. ISSN 2007-0934.

In 80% of the wheat producing regions under rainfed conditions, there are moisture deficiencies; so, water availability and, the efficiency in its use are the main factors to improve the crop's profitability and, especially when in the coming years is expected that most of Mexico will face limited precipitations due to global warming. The wheat crop in planting beds with and without micro-watersheds has been designed for effective capture of rainwater, which allows greater availability of soil moisture, helping to increase this cereal yielding. In 2008 and 2009, six varieties of wheat and three planting systems were evaluated, in regular conditions, beds, with and without micro-watersheds. The results indicated that, planting beds, with or without micro-watersheds, increased the average crop yield up to 29% (728 kg ha-¹), perhaps because it allowed a greater availability of soil moisture at critical stages of the crop's development. Planting beds with micro-watersheds increased the number of spikes per m² and, the number of grains per m². The Rebeca F2000 variety outperformed (3 680 kg ha-¹) the other varieties in the two modalities in planting beds. In wheat, planting beds with micro-watersheds is a strategy that reduces the effects of drought-stress and, consequently climate change by allowing greater conservation and availability of soil moisture.

Keywords : Triticum aestivum L.; conventional system; micro-watersheds; varieties.