Abstract

OLAN, Micaela de la O et al. Physical quality from rainfall Mexican bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2012, vol.3, n.2, pp.271-283. ISSN 2007-0934.

Genetic purity, health and physical quality of grain are important characteristics for marketing bread wheat. It is well known that environment affects some of its physical parameters; therefore the aim of this study was to determine environment influence in some physical quality parameters of three bread wheat populations developed by progenies from one single F₂ to F₆ seed, the first group was comprised by 69 lines of Rebeca F2000 x Salamanca S75 breed, the second was formed by 98 genotypes of Rebeca F2000 x Baviácora M92 breed, and the third was formed by 98 genotypes of Gálvez M87 x Rebeca F2000 breed, plus parents. The genotypes from the first group were sown at Roque, Guanajuato (autumn-winter 2006-2007) with normal (five irrigations) and restricted (three irrigations) irrigation. The genotypes of second and third breeds were sown at Santa Lucía de Prías and Chapingo, State of Mexico (2006 spring-summer). The following variables were assessed: hectolitre weight (kg hL-¹), grain hardness (%), and protein content in grain (%). An analysis of variance and frequencies histogram were made and means with least significant difference were compared. The genotypes showed highly significant differences for all physical quality variables assessed, and this also occurred for hectolitre weight and protein content in grain for humidity levels and localities. In the hectolitre weight frequency histograms the three population groups show trend towards normal distribution which sugge sts that such variable involves high amount of genes and it is strongly affected by environment. Genotypes with better hectolitre weight than parents were identified; therefore materials are available to make selection.

Keywords : protein content; breeds; hardness; hectolitre weight.