Abstract

FLORES LOPEZ, Hugo Ernesto et al. Evaluation and calibration index of phosphorus in Jalisco, Mexico. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2014, vol.5, n.3, pp.367-378. ISSN 2007-0934.

The high concentration of livestock in the highlands of Jalisco, Mexico, generates more than 4.34 million tons of manure that makes a region of high environmental risk annually. The phosphorus index (PI) is a planning tool that identifies areas of environmental risk and management options to reduce the potential impact of agricultural system, but before the IP should be adapted and calibrated to local conditions aim of this study. The study was conducted from 2009 to 2011 in the Experimental Center Altos de Jalisco, INIFAP, Tepatitlán located in Morelos, Jalisco. In every storm rainfall, runoff and water erosion was measured; lots of runoff and drainage areas with corn and grass, to which bovine manure and manure plus fertilizer was applied were used. With this information was calculated from the IP transport characteristics and source of P in each treatment. A modification to the transport of P, the linear relationship in loss rate P (TPP) in an exponential was also evaluated. The results showed that at baseline the grass has low vulnerability to P loss, but then becomes medium vulnerability, while corn was medium vulnerability. Scale effect was observed by increasing the drainage area with reduction in the value of the IP. Calibration of IP with modification of TPP linear exponential improved performance IP.

Keywords : water erosion; surface runoff; loss rate of phosphorus; phosphorus sources.