Abstract

SUASTE FRANCO, María del Pilar et al. Clustering of genotypes of the national collection of wheat based on genes of agronomic interest. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2015, vol.6, n.4, pp.695-706. ISSN 2007-0934.

In pursuit of diversity to include breeding programs is of great importance to study the national collection of wheat gene donor source and based on the genotypic and phenotypic behaviour of their accessions detect significant associations between the two characters, and to group individuals with similar genetic backgrounds for traits of agronomic interest as tolerance to rust, glutenin, height, vernalization. In order to assess the phenotypic characteristics, testing autumn-winter 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 in Roque was set in Nanacamilpa, Tlaxcala and Roque, Guanajuato for two cycles in each locality, and spring-summer 2011 and 2012 in Nanacamilpa. For genotypic variables 16 molecular markers associated with different characteristics of interest in wheat, for rust were used: Lr68, Lr34, Lr46 and Sr2; gluteninas: Glu-A1b, Glu-B1al and Glu-D1; plant height: Rht-B1 and Rht-D1; photoperiod: Ppd-D1a; vernalization: Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrv-D1a; endosperm hardness: PinA-D1a and PinB-D1a; and amylose: GBSS. The mean phenotypic characters came together with the results of the markers and analysed by cluster analysis using Ward's methodology (1963). 12 groups which were formed varieties of group 5 were the earliest with an average cycle to flowering and maturity of 74.8 and 118.6 dds respectively. The later varieties are included in Group 6 (no alleles Ppd-D1) with a difference of up to 14.3 days in the cycle to maturity. Generally, groups 3, 4 and 12 have varieties with desirable characteristics (earliness, and disease resistance genes associated with industrial quality).

Keywords : clusters; genotype; molecular markers; phenotype.