Abstract

TIZNADO HERNANDEZ, Martín Ernesto et al. Development of new seedless grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) by embryo rescue. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2015, vol.6, n.5, pp.917-928. ISSN 2007-0934.

One of the main objectives of a grape breeding program is the development of seedless varieties. However, to achieve this it is necessary to combine the embryo rescue technique with classical genetics. The aim ofthis work was to develop hybrids from crosses with the following varieties of seedless grape: Perlette, Black Seedless, Crimson Seedless, Crispy, Flame, Superior, Princesa, Red Globe, Fiesta, Fresno and Thompson, used as father and mother. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field Costa ofHermosillo from the National Institute ofForestry, Agriculture and Livestock in 2009. 23 hybridizations were performed by pollinating flowers manually twice a day for three consecutive days. The berries were harvested at the beginning of veraison and taken to the laboratory where the surface was sterilized before isolating the seminal rudiment. The seminal rudiments were transferred to a culture medium where they were kept between 75 to 90 days; the rescued embryos from the seminal rudiments were transferred to an incubation medium for embryos. 3 163 berries were harvested from which 3 836 seminal rudiments were isolated. In 8.76% of rudiments, was possible to rescue embryos. From the rescued embryos, 32.14% developed seedlings, from which two were able to be transferred to a greenhouse. It is concluded that the use of classical genetics along with embryo rescue technique allows obtaining progeny ofhybrids with different varieties of seedless grapes.

Keywords : embryo rescue; grape; hybridizations; seedless varieties.

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