Abstract

SIFUENTES IBARRA, Ernesto et al. Improving the usage level of nitrogen in maize, through surface irrigation plot techniques. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2015, vol.6, n.8, pp.1903-1914. ISSN 2007-0934.

Maize is one of the main crops grown in the State of Sinaloa; however, in this region the application of irrigation is performed without considering the physical characteristics of the soil increasing losses of water and fertilizer. It is important to develop technologies to optimize the use of inputs (water, fertilizers, pesticides) increasing the productive potential of crops and reducing production costs, for this reason a series of experiments were conducted during the 2006-2007 autumn-winter cycles and 2011-2012 in the INIFAP-CEVAF located in the north of Sinaloa, Mexico, in order to know the effect of gravity irrigation by different techniques in use efficiency of nitrogen (N) in the maize crop. These experiments consisted of a randomized complete block to the implementation of two low pressure irrigation systems (multi-gates), one of PVC pipe and the other of Lay flat hose, in the first cycle and three surface irrigation techniques (alternate rows, beds and reducing spending) in the second cycle. It was found that using the pipe multi-gates irrigation system and the implemented irrigation techniques in this study was possible to increase irrigation efficiency on averaged 80% with a gradual increase in the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer reducing losses and saving water volumes that can be used in scenarios of low water availability and establishment of second crops.

Keywords : low pressure irrigation systems; nitrogen use efficiency; surface irrigation techniques.

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