Abstract

QUINONES-ISLAS, Nayeli Sarahí; LAZCANO-ESCOBAR, Juan Fabricio; RAMIREZ-LOPEZ, Carolina  and  TREJO-ESTRADA, Sergio Rubén. Descriptors in fruits of avocado in Mexico. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2023, vol.14, n.4, pp.603-613.  Epub Aug 04, 2023. ISSN 2007-0934.  https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v14i4.3127.

Persea schiedeana Nees is a fruit tree native to Mesoamerica, partially endemic to Mexico, found along the plain of the Gulf of Mexico. The objective was to evaluate the edaphoclimatic, morphological and chemical descriptors and compare the differences between the study regions that allow their revaluation. The study regions were: Soconusco in Tuxtla Chico, Chiapas, Selva in Palenque, Chiapas; Chontalpa in Comalcalco, Tabasco and Sierra Nororiental in Teziutlán, Puebla. In July 2019, 5 trees were randomly selected from each region for the harvest of 44 fruits, giving a total of 176 fruits and 1 584 determinations. An analysis of variance was performed to find the differences between regions and a Tukey test for the comparison of means of the morphological and physicochemical parameters evaluated, using the statistical software Minitab®. The fruits from the Selva region in Palenque, Chiapas, presented greater value in weight (417.50±69.70 g), length (18.48±1.56 cm), pulp (282.09±54.72%) and fat (50.29±2.03%). The Soconusco region, Chiapas reached the highest percentages of protein in pulp (2.79±0.54%), seed (1.76±0.14%) and peel (2.64±0.19%). The results obtained suggest the existence of variation between the materials of Persea schiedeana Nees in the regions studied, allowing the identification of those with agroindustrial potential, constituting an alternative to diversify the production of Persea spp., in Mexico.

Keywords : Persea schiedeana Nees; coyo; endemic.