Abstract

LEON-CRUZ, Misael et al. Trace mineral controlled-release intraruminal boluses. Review. Rev. mex. de cienc. pecuarias [online]. 2020, vol.11, n.2, pp.498-516.  Epub Oct 23, 2020. ISSN 2448-6698.  https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v11i2.5349.

Trace minerals are essential nutrients for sustaining life, growth, and reproduction. In ruminants, mineral deficiencies affect the physiologic and metabolic functions that often trigger diseases. The design and use of controlled-release intraruminal boluses (CRIRB) are an alternative to correct the microelement deficiencies in the organism. This review aims to highlight the available information on the different types of trace mineral CRIRB, as well as the manufacturing methods that include hot-melt extrusion, melt granulation, and direct melting techniques. Furthermore, this review describes the effects of CRIRB related to health, productive, and reproductive parameters in ruminants.

Keywords : Intraruminal boluses; Release mechanisms; Mineral concentration; Release kinetics.