Description of the clinical case:

A 62-year-old female comes to our unit with oppressive pain in the bilateral lumbar area. Bilateral ureteral lithiasis was diagnosed those conditions severe bilateral hydronephrosis and it was decided to divert the urinary tract to later perform a definitive treatment. Due to the findings in the laboratory and cabinet studies, primary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed as the cause of the bilateral ureteral lithiasis.

Relevance:

The presence of stones indicates the need for parathyroidectomy in patients diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism with hypercalcemia or normocalcemia unless there are contraindications. Patients with nephrolithiasis should explore strategies to prevent stone formation even after parathyroidectomy.

Clinical implications:

The most common consequences of excessive parathyroid hormone secretion are hypercalciuria and kidney stones. They occur in 8-20% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and are the most common complication of the disease. They can be silent in 7-11% and bilateral in 16.4% of patients. It is very important to be able to identify patients with this disease to avoid multiple complications.

Conclusions:

Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have a high risk of developing kidney complications. We must analyze all the factors that made us suspect in a primary hyperparathyroidism in patients who debut with renal or ureteral stones and thus avoid the recurrence of the same.