Abstract

FUKUMA, Mao. Neoliberal multiculturalism and Transnationalization of Indigenous Peoples in the Mexico-U.S. Border. Entrediversidades rev. cienc. soc. humanid. [online]. 2022, vol.9, n.1, pp.148-175.  Epub Mar 15, 2023. ISSN 2007-7610.  https://doi.org/10.31644/ed.v9.n1.2022.a06.

Beginning in the 1990s, Mexican and American transborder indigenous peoples, the Yaquis and the kumiai/Kumeyaay, began to organize to strengthen long-lost ethnic ties. To understand this transborder approach it is necessary to review a series of the neoliberal and multicultural policies, as well as the indigenous movements that have occurred in both countries. The confluence of both processes generates different outcomes for indigenous groups depending on the side on which they find themselves: on the one hand, the apparent empowerment in the political and economic arena thanks to tribal business ventures and the interest in recovering tangible and intangible cultural heritage; and on the other hand, the impoverishment, inequality and constant dispossession of territory and natural resources. These changes occurred during the previous decades have created base for the transnationalization of these transborder indigenous peoples, thus creating transnational resistances and alliances, but at the same time, they face a major obstacle, the U.S.-Mexico border.

Keywords : governmentality; transnationalism; international border; Yaquis; kumiai/Kumeyaay.