In order to evaluate the effects of land use with sugarcane and grasses on macrofauna, mesofauna and microflora in the municipality of Úrsulo Galván, Veracruz, we compared the abundance, richness and diversity of groups of organisms in soil with sugarcane, grass and native vegetation typical of the region. Soil samples were taken from a 25 x 25 cm quadrant at a depth of 0-30 cm, from which soil fauna and microflora were extracted to identify and quantify them. Results indicate that soil with sugarcane was less harmful to soil fauna (9 taxa and 305 individuals) than soil with grass (6 taxa and 91 individuals) and that it was not statistically different from soil with native vegetation (9 taxa and 357 individuals). The abundance of most of the macro and mesofauna groups corresponded to soil with native vegetation (Aranea, Formicidae, Diplopoda and Oligochaeta) and with sugarcane (Isoptera, Chilopoda y Diplura). In the dry season, soil with sugarcane recorded the highest abundance of phosphorus-solubilizing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (12333 cfu and 9465 cfu, respectively) compared to soil with native vegetation (4840 cfc and 5774 cfu, respectively). Only the soil covered with sugarcane has no effect on the soil’s microbial flora and fauna.