Abstract

ROS, Jaime. La desaceleración del crecimiento económico en México desde 1982. El trimestre econ [online]. 2008, vol.75, n.299, pp.537-560.  Epub Nov 20, 2020. ISSN 2448-718X.

This paper discusses the growth slowdown of the Mexican economy during the reform and postreform periods. It addresses four possible factors behind the growth deceleration. First, the role of international trade integration showing that the trade policy reforms of the 1980s and 1990s were in fact very successful in enhancing export growth and trade openness but not in promoting a dynamic pattern of trade specialization. Second, the productivity growth slowdown arguing that this should be seen as a consequence rather than a cause of the growth deceleration as the evolution of productivity growth is closely associated to the expansion of tertiary underemployment. Third, the discussion of the role of human capital formation suggests that educational and health indicators have been improving during the recent period, partly as a consequence of the demographic bonus, and cannot be held responsible for the fall in output per worker that has taken place since the early 1980s. Finally, the paper focuses on what it believes is the primary determinant of the growth slowdown, the low rate of physical capital accumulation.

Keywords : crecimiento económico; México.