Abstract

ENRIQUEZ GUTIERREZ, Gustavo Adolfo  and  MORALES HERNANDEZ, Uziel Mauricio. Citizens’ Corporality and Scholar Subjectivation in Mexico (1940-1950): the Biotypology of José Gómez Robleda. Debates hist. [online]. 2020, vol.8, n.2, pp.131-161.  Epub June 20, 2022. ISSN 2594-2956.  https://doi.org/10.54167/debates-por-la-historia.v8i2.518.

The article is part of a larger research project “The Educational Project of José Gómez Robleda in Mid-Twentieth Century Mexico”. This investigation has generated three venues of analysis stemming from the body: citizenship, masculinity, and the education of the abnormal. The present text explores the relationship between citizens’ corporality and Mexican scholar subjectivation in the mid-twentieth century from the biotypology of José Gómez Robleda. This scholar was a psychiatrist, an official of the Secretaría de Educación Pública (Ministry of Public Education) and a researcher from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (National Autonomous University of Mexico). The articulation of the body and of the citizenship concepts are interpreted through the methodology granted by the biotypology of José Gómez Robleda. These concepts are concretized in school with the objective of forming learners’ “Mexicaness”. Major findings are: 1) The citizenship of mid-twentieth century Mexicans was thought from the axis of : the individual, the social and the corporal; as a subjective-political definition from the Mexican government; 2)The school was presented by Gómez Robleda as a reference framework of citizen formation in civilized corporality, and 3) Gómez Robleda designated the school as a space of specific subjectivation of citizenship in infancy. The work is grounded on primary sources, specialized bibliography and visual and film referents from artists of this time.

Keywords : biotypology; scholar citizenship; body; eugenics; average man.

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