Objective:

To analyze agro ecology as a social movement in Mexico from a geohistorical and long-term perspective.

Methodology:

The analysis was carried out through a documentary review of the indigenous and peasant organizations that make up the agroecological social movement in Mexico, considering their geographic location, the struggle and defense of land and territory, and actions in favor of food sovereignty.

Results:

Agro ecology as a social movement is the result of the persistence of productive structures and historical relations, which had their origins in Mesoamerican production systems.

Limitations:

The present essay is the guideline for a more in-depth study on long-term agroecological processes, which will be nourished with a qualitative methodology, resulting from the ethnographic method, which will allow a closer approach to the experiences of the peasant and indigenous organizations observed here.

Conclusions:

Peasants and indigenous people who have maintained Mesoamerican production systems are characterized by ecological rationality in the face of forms of production that degrade the environment and culture. The search for productive alternatives, contrary to those of the agroindustrial model, are aimed at improving the living conditions of peasants and indigenous people and achieving their food sovereignty.