Introduction:

Laparoscopy has been widely used to diagnose and treat non-palpable testes. To our knowledge, there are no reports of cases with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) diagnosed by laparoscopy.

Clinical case:

Six year-old boy with left cryptorchidism and empty scrotal sac; right testicle was in his scrotal sac. By ultrasound, the right testicle was normal, but the left testicle was not detected. At laparoscopy, structures corresponding to the uterus, tube and round ligament were found. Histopathological study reported uterus (myometrium and endometrium), salpinge and remains of adrenal cortex.

Conclusions:

PMDS should be considered as a cause of empty scrotum in children, and laparoscopy as a good diagnostic and therapeutic alternative.