Resumen

LEON-OLEA, Martha et al. Neurotoxic enviromental contaminants near our daily life. Salud Ment [online]. 2012, vol.35, n.5, pp.395-403. ISSN 0185-3325.

Chemical substances play an important role in life quality; they are present in household items and consumer products like furniture, cloths, toys, etc. However some of these substances could be dangerous for health and environment. Among the best known are the organohalogens pollutants like the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). These substances persist in the enviroment, they bioaccumulate and may cause adverse effects in humans health. There is increasing evidence that organohalogens cause neurotoxicity in rats and human brains during development. We have been studying the neurotoxicity of Aroclor 1254 (PCB mixture) and DE-71 (PBDE mixture) in collaboration with Currás-Collazo team (UC-MEXUS/CONACYT grants). We show in this paper the principal results of our research related with molecules that participate in the osmoregulatory system, learning and memory as vasopressin, PACAP and nitric oxide synthase. We exposed pregnant rats to this organohalogens perinatally; the pups were allowed to grow until three months old for an osmotic challenge. Brains were processed for immunfloures-cence, other group was used to evaluate memory with the passive inhibitory avoidance test and Western-blot was done for presynaptic proteins Synapsin I and Synaptophysin. We found a disruption in the content of VP, PACAP and nNOS suggesting that the PCB and PBDE exposure alter the function of hypothalamic neurons that regulates osmosis and water balance. We demonstrated also that PBDE treatment modifies systolic pressure and plasmatic osmolality compared with controls suggesting a cardiovascular alteration caused by PBDEs. We found an alteration in the nNOS activity in Aroclor-1254 treated rats. Memory test and presynaptic proteins expression showed an important reduction in males, suggesting that PCBs alters the expression and activity of nitric oxide and learning and memory. Therefore, due to the neurotoxicity of the organohalogens and its constant contact with humans there is a big concern about the lack of adequate legislation in Mexico and monitoring programs to evaluate the degree of contamination in the population, especially in infants as well as the regions most affected by such contamination.

Palabras llave : Organohalogens; nitric oxide; vasopressin; hydroelectrolitic balance.