Resumen

SANTACRUZ-RUVALCABA, F. et al. Micropropagation of Agave maximiliana Baker by axillary shoot proliferation. Polibotánica [online]. 2022, n.54, pp.139-151.  Epub 12-Sep-2022. ISSN 1405-2768.  https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.54.9.

Mexico is the center of the largest riches and domestication of Agave species; 20 of these are used as a source for the production of fermented and distilled spirits, including Agave maximiliana Baker, which is harvested in the field just before its sexual reproductive stage (12 to 14 years) to make raicilla mescal, with the consequent constant overexplotation of its wild populations. The objective of this study was to develop a protocol for in vitro mass micropropagation of this species through auxiliary shoot proliferation. Axillary shoots were induced using a three-factor experimental design, consisting of the following factors: 1) auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) in four different doses: 0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 mg L-1; 2) cytokinin, 6-benzyladenine (BA) in doses of 0, 4, 8, and 12 mg L-1, and 3) two G1 and G6 genotypes. The dose of 12 mg L-1 BA in combination with 0.02 mg L-1 2,4-D produced 26.93 new shoots (p = 0.000) with a high-quality typical morphology, an essential characteristic for their separation and subsequent ex vitro establishment. Likewise, in order to attain the best production of long, branched, nonephemeral roots from these shoots, three genotypes (G1, G3, and G6) and three rooting treatments (with different concentrations of sucrose, activated charcoal, and/or indole-3-butyric acid) were assessed in vitro. The analysis of the results shows a need to add 9% sucrose (p=0.000), i.e. 3% more than the usual amount. Furthermore, the best ex vitro adaptation was found to be related to the genotype of the original plant, and there were significant differences in the width (p=0.023) and length (p=0.009) of the leaves.

Palabras llave : in vitro propagation; raicilla mescal; growth regulators; maguey; ex vitro establishment.

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