Artículos de investigación

 

Utilización de materiales a base de quitina y quitosano en la inmovilización de proteasas: efectos en su estabilización y aplicaciones

 

Utilization of chitin and chitosan based materials for protease immobilization: stabilization effects and applications

 

J.A. Salazar-Leyva¹, J. Lizardi-Mendoza¹, J.C. Ramírez-Suarez¹, G. García-Sánchez¹, J.M. Ezquerra-Brauer², E.M. Valenzuela-Soto¹, M.G. Carvallo-Ruiz¹, M.E. Lugo-Sánchez¹ y R. Pacheco-Aguilar¹*

 

¹ Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. Carretera a la Victoria, C.P. 83304. Hermosillo, Sonora, México. *Autor para la correspondencia. E-mail: rpacheco@ciad.mx Tel/Fax. 662-280-04-21 Ext. 525.

² Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora. Rosales y Niños Héroes SN. Hermosillo, Sonora, México.

 

Received September 17, 2013.
Accepted November 20, 2013.

 

Resumen

Las enzimas proteolíticas poseen un amplio campo de aplicación en diversas áreas de la industria, por lo que la búsqueda de estrategias para optimizar su desempeño catalítico es de gran importancia. La inmovilización de enzimas en soportes sólidos es una tecnología que induce cambios a nivel estructural en los sistemas catalíticos inmovilizados, ocasionando que las características de reacción de estos se vea mejorada notablemente, permitiendo, además, la posibilidad de utilizar repetidamente a las enzimas inmovilizadas en un mismo proceso. La quitina y su derivado el quitosano, son compuestos que poseen propiedades funcionales que los convierten en excelentes materiales para ser utilizados como soportes en la inmovilización de enzimas. Este artículo de revisión discute los efectos que causa el proceso de inmovilización en materiales a base de quitina y quitosano sobre la estabilidad bioquímica y operacional de enzimas proteolíticas; de igual forma, se presentan algunas aplicaciones de los sistemas catalíticos inmovilizados.

Palabras clave: inmovilización, proteasas, quitina, quitosano, estabilidad.

 

Abstract

Proteolytic enzymes have a wide range of applications in different industrial fields therefore the development of strategies focused in the optimization of their catalytic performance is a topic of great interest. Enzyme immobilization onto solid supports induces changes at structural level in the immobilized systems, and consequently some reaction characteristics can be enhanced; furthermore, immobilized enzymes can be reused in the same process. Due to the unique physicochemical and functional properties that chitin and its derivate chitosan possess, these biopolymers are an excellent option as support for enzyme immobilization. This review discusses the effects on the biochemical and operational performance of proteases immobilized in chitin and chitosan based materials. Some aspects related with the industrial applications of the immobilization systems are also mentioned.

Keywords: immobilization, proteases, chitin, chitosan, stability.

 

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