Resumen

OSUNA-CEJA, Esteban Salvador; ARIAS-CHAVEZ, Luis Eduardo; NUNEZ-HERNANDEZ, Gregorio  y  GONZALEZ CASTANEDA, Fernando. Rainfed fodder production with cattle manure and water harvesting in triple row sowing. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2015, vol.6, n.8, pp.1743-1756. ISSN 2007-0934.

Rainfed fodders are the main source of livestock feed production systems in family dairy in the semiarid highlands of North Central Mexico. However, land degradation and intermittent drought are severe in the region, and food security cannot be sustained without conservation and improvement of soil quality and the efficient use of rainwater. To help solve this problem, a study was conducted to evaluate the response of maize, sorghum and chickpea feed to manure doses (0, 10 and 20 Mg ha) applied annually since 2011 on the same plots and chemical fertilization 80-40-30 kg ha of N2, P2O5 and K2O, respectively, under two sowing methods (conventional at 0.76 m without water harvesting and in beds of 1.60 m at water triple row with water uptake). We used a sub-divided plots design (method of sowing/cultivation/ manure) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. We found a significant response (p≤ 0.05) for the effect of sowing method. The yield of green biomass (BV) and higher dry matter (DM) was obtained with a triple bed sowing row, followed by the conventional. Crop response was significant (p≤ 0.05), through the organic fertilization and sowing methods. The highest yield with BV and MS was obtained with maize, then sorghum and finally in plot with chickpeas. After three years of continuous application of10 and 20 Mg/ha of manure is positively modified some physical and chemical soil properties, such as density, porosity, sorptivity, the content of organic matter (OM) and NO3. Maize, sorghum and chickpea established in soil with 10 and 20 Mg ha of manure showed a high yield of BV and MS. The addition of manure along with the acquisition in situ of rainwater modified water-soil-plant to provide nutrients and reduce the negative effects of water deficit stress system, which could be observed by the positive effects on the performance of BV and MS.

Palabras llave : Zea mays L.; Sorghum bicolor; Cicer arietinum; dry matter yield..

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