Resumen

CONTRERAS-SOTO, M. B. et al. The last 50 years of Salmonella in Mexico: Sources of isolation and factors that influence its prevalence and diversity. Revista bio ciencias [online]. 2019, vol.6, n.spe, e540.  Epub 14-Nov-2019. ISSN 2007-3380.  https://doi.org/10.15741/revbio.06.nesp.e540.

This review describes the outlook of Salmonella research in terms of diversity and factors that influence its prevalence in Mexico; emphasizing in ecology, climate change and the strategies used to persist in different environments. To this end, an extensive scientific review of studies carried out in Mexico between January 1968 and March 2018 has evidenced the following: the presence of at least 216 different Salmonella enterica serotypes circulating in Mexico, being Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Anatum, Agona and Meleagridis the most prevalent; animal origin food are the main source of Salmonella isolation (42.76 %); and the states located in eco-regions of hot-humid climates have the highest rates of non-typhoid salmonellosis in Mexico. The climatic conditions of the tropics favor Salmonella proliferation, and Mexico is not the exception. As part of this, the survival and adaptation of Salmonella depends on three fundamental strategies: 1) resistance against firstline antibiotics, 2) ability to use alternate carbon sources, and 3) ability to form biofilms. The use of a strategy or their combination by the circulating populations of Salmonella could increase the risk to public health. Therefore, this review aimed to exhaustively analyze the elements that give Salmonella a greater adaptation capacity, favoring its dispersion dynamics; and thus contribute to the understanding of its nature and the epidemiology caused by this pathogen in Mexico.

Palabras llave : Salmonella; climatic change; Mexico; biofilms; antimicrobial resistance; genetic diversity.