Introduction:

High blood pressure (HBP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. HBP intertwines hypertensive phenotypes and lifestyle traits. Systolic blood pressure rises with age, and HBP is frequent in older ages. This minireview describes the population mean blood pressure (BP) and the prevalence of HBP in communities of fishing-hunting and gathering individuals.

Material and methods:

The data on BP values or HBP prevalence were analyzed in different databases from contemporary studies on hunters-fishers and gatherers communities.

Results:

Sixteen articles were selected from tribes of Central and South America, Africa, and Asia. Communities with little or no influence from modern civilization showed low BP values, regardless of gender or age. HBP prevalence was in most of them between 0 and 10%, with few exceptions. Acculturation changes this BP pattern. The concept that HBP, especially the isolated systolic HBP that affects the elderly, is an inevitable consequence of age seems unsustainable considering these data.

Conclusion:

High blood pressure (HBP) is not fatally linked to aging but results from the relationship between heredity and environment, a consequence of an unhealthy lifestyle related to civilization. This fact emphasizes the role of behavioral strategies in promoting better metabolic and cardiovascular health.

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