Introduction:

Immunosuppressive treatments have improved graft and patient survival rates, but can increase the incidence of post-transplant infections.

Objectives:

To analyze data from kidney transplant patients and describe the pathogens responsible for the infections they experience.

Methods:

Longitudinal, analytical, observational study of 103 patients who underwent kidney transplantation. The follow-up period was 5.07 ± 1.28 years.

Results:

Overall mortality rate was 10.68% and graft loss rate was 14.56%. Regarding recipient risk of death, the Cox regression model showed a hazard ratio (HR) of 5.66 for positive bacterial cultures and 2.22 for positive extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains; as for graft loss, HR was 4.59 in those with positive bacterial cultures and 4.25 in those who were positive for ESBL-producing strains

Conclusions:

Significant death risk was found in kidney transplant recipients with positive bacterial cultures and an increased risk of graft loss in those with positive bacterial cultures and in those who were positive for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates. The rate of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae is high, and stricter strategies are therefore necessary to control the use of antibiotics.