BACKGROUND:

Acute myeloid leukemia is the fourth most frequently cancer in association with pregnancy. Nowadays, clinical management of AML occurring during pregnancy is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenging.

OBJECTIVE:

To report the unpublished case of pregnant diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia in the first trimester of pregnancy, as well as the follow-up carried out and the proposed treatment. We also review the existing literature in relation to this entity.

CLINICAL CASE:

33-year-old patient, at 12+5 weeks of pregnancy. She was admitted to the hematology service due to the discovery of pancytopenia in the laboratory tests performed in the first trimester. After completing the study and performing a bone marrow biopsy, the patient was diagnosed with NMP1 and FLT-3 Negative acute myeloblastic leukemia, with 20% blasts. The pregnancy ended without incident at 15 weeks, by means of a voluntary interruption of the pregnancy, after receiving information on the diagnosis, prognosis and risk of teratogenicity from the treatment. Currently, the patient is on the waiting list for histocompatibility bone marrow transplant.

CONCLUSIONS:

The importance of analytical control during pregnancy can allow an early diagnosis, to establish an immediate treatment, key for the prognosis. All this, in addition to the multidisciplinary approach and advice, is essential to ensure maternal and fetal well-being.