Resumen

LAZARO, A. Alejandro; AZPEITIA-MORALES, A.; SAENZ-CARBONELL, L.  y  MIRAFUENTES HERNANDEZ, F.. Somatic secondary embryogenesis in the genotype of cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L.) inifap 1 and his histological description. Nova scientia [online]. 2015, vol.7, n.14, pp.398-417. ISSN 2007-0705.

Somatic embryogenesis applied for clonal propagation of cocoa plants efficiency is still low, so that the objective of this investigation was to assess the response of the cotyledons from primary somatic embryos as explant source to induce somatic embryogenesis secondary (ESS) in presence of phytohormones and without these, in the cocoa genotype INIFAP 1 as well as describe the events of the ESS from 30 to 240 days of culture. Use of the phytohormones 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and thidiazuron (TDZ), are important for primary somatic embryogenesis in cocoa. In the present investigation four treatments were established with fregment cotyledon, with phytohormones 2,4-D and TDZ in combination and independently, including a control without phytohormones.The results shown indicate that cotyledon fragments cultured without phytohormones favors ESS, obtaining an average of six secondary somatic embryos (ESs) at 210 days of culture against one for the treatment supplemented with TDZ. The apical meristem and radicular appeared in a period of 240 days, somatic embryos were observed by external structures as: cotyledons, apexes and roots. The apical meristem and radicular appeared in a period of 240 days, somatic embryos were observed by external structures as: cotyledons, apexes and roots. The results showed that the exclusion of 2,4-D and the thidiazuron they are not important to induce the ESS.The major number of ESs was found in a medium devoid of fitohormones so this information is relevant, because the cotyledon explants from primary somatic embryos, generate greater number of ESs in this species. These results constitute the first report of the induction of ESs without phytohormones.

Palabras llave : Theobroma cacao L.; cocoa; secondary somatic embryogenesis; histology.