Resumen

RODRIGUEZ FLORES, Irene; GONZALEZ HUERTA, Andrés; PEREZ LOPEZ, Delfina de Jesús  y  RUBI ARRIAGA, Martín. Effect of five densities in eight maize cultivars planted in three locations in the Valley of Toluca, Mexico. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2015, vol.6, n.8, pp.1943-1955. ISSN 2007-0934.

In order to improve grain yield (GY) maize varieties and hybrids could be identified with stable grain production on plants or cobs (GYP or GYC) in high population densities (PD) and contrasting environments. In this study, eight maize cultivars in five PD were evaluated in three locations in the Valley of Toluca, Mexico, to study their effects on the GY and dimensions of plant and ear cob. The three experiments were established in 2013, in an experimental randomized complete block design with three replicates per site, using a split plot arrangement in a series of experiments in space. The most outstanding results showed that: a) the best location was "San Andrés" (9.86 t ha-1); b) the GY difference between the highest and the lowest PD was 1.01 t ha-1, but from 54 524, 69 444 and 104 167 plants, there were no significant differences; c) the best cultivars were AS-722 and "San Andrés" (9.60 and 9.25 t ha-1); d) in the multivariate analyses, three groups of variables were observed (sick pods - prolificacy index and volumetric weight of the grain -GY, plant and ear cob dimensions, vegetative cycle and lodging) or cultivars ("San Andrés" and "San Cristobal" - HC8 - other hybrids). Thus, the PGM and the prolificacy index could be used as indirect selection criteria in breeding programs and two outstanding maize used to generate, validate and apply technology in this region.

Palabras llave : Zea mays; densities; maize cultivars; Mexico; multivariate analysis; Valle de Toluca.

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