Resumen

JASSO BOBADILLA, Gerardo et al. Preliminary study to determine phenotypic differences and sample size in Cacahuacintle corn. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc [online]. 2019, vol.10, n.8, pp.1771-1782.  Epub 05-Feb-2021. ISSN 2007-0934.  https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v10i8.1765.

This study was carried out in spring-summer of 2016 in six communities of the municipality of Calimaya de Díaz González, State of Mexico to sample land of cooperating farmers and estimate phenotypic differences in plant and corn dimensions in the Cacahuacintle breed. In 30 plots, of one hectare each, distributed in the Municipal District, San Lorenzo Cuauhtenco, Santa María Nativitas, San Marcos de la Cruz, San Diego La Huerta and Zaragoza de Guadalupe, 50 plants and corn per producer were considered at random (almost 21 000 data). Simple statistics and values of n were calculated with two methodologies. With a principal component analysis, the relationship between producers, communities and variables was analyzed. The most outstanding results showed that there are important phenotypic differences in all characteristics. The values of n would allow sampling plots where Cacahuacintle is planted in that municipality, with method 1, only the population size should be known and a value assigned to the sampling error should be chosen. With the application of method 2 or other complementary techniques, fewer plants could be sampled than with method 1 but the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, standard error, coefficient of variation or proportions between two of these should be known. In the four quadrants of the biplot, at least three of the five cooperating farmers in each locality were grouped. There was a positive and significant correlation between the number of quality leaves for wrapping tamales (NHT) with the number of grains and rows of grain in the corn, this trend was also observed between the first and the length and diameter of the spine. Thus, NHT could be used as an indirect selection criterion to increase the size of the corn.

Palabras llave : Cacahuacintle race; High Valleys of central Mexico; plots of cooperating farmers; random sampling.