Resumen

OCAMPO-FLETES, Ignacio. Social innovation and contributions to the water human right in the Mixteca Poblana households. Tecnol. cienc. agua [online]. 2020, vol.11, n.2, pp.56-104.  Epub 27-Mayo-2020. ISSN 2007-2422.  https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2020-02-02.

The contributions of a social innovation (ferrocement cistern) to the human right to water were analyzed in 30 communities in nine municipalities of the Mixteca Baja of Puebla, Mexico. To collect information on two moments of the water environment in the home (before and after the cistern was built), a survey was applied to 221 heads of household participating in a public program. Likewise, direct measurements were made to 221 cisterns to calculate the collected volume of water. Based on the factors agreed in General Observation No. 15 (2002) on the right to water (articles 11 and 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), indicators were established and the results compared to identify changes. The innovation generated the following effects: it increased from 18.3 to 63.2% the storage capacity per household; increased from 97.1 to 100.0% households that have between 50 and 100 liters per person per day; increased from 23.0 to 79.0% on the days the stored water satisfied the needs of the households; increased from 23.5 to 59.3% families that ceased to carry water; decreased from 31.5 to 28.0% families who travel more than 1 000 meters; decreased from 20.4 to 19.0% of the families moving more than 30 minutes, and reduced by 29% the annual cost per payment of water hauled and purchased from water tanker truck and water jugs. It is concluded that innovation caused positive effects on households contributing in some factors of the human right to water.

Palabras llave : Innovation; human right to water; eco-techniques; water for domestic use; Mixtec.