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Computación y Sistemas
versión On-line ISSN 2007-9737versión impresa ISSN 1405-5546
Comp. y Sist. vol.11 no.1 Ciudad de México jul./sep. 2007
Artículos
Definition and Empirical Evaluation of Voters for Redundant Smart Sensor Systems
Definición y Evaluación Empírica de Algoritmos de Voteo para Sistemas Redundantes de Sensado Inteligente
H. Benítez Pérez1, J.L. Ortega Arjona2 and G. Reza Latif Shabgahi3
1 Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas Computacionales y Automatización, IIMAS, UNAM, Apdo. Postal 20726, Admon. No. 20, Del. A. Obregón, México D. F., CP. 01000, México;
email: hector@uxdea4.iimas.unam.mx
2 Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, CP. 04510, México City, México
3 Telematics Dept, Technology Faculty, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK. Internet
email: g.latif@sees.bangor.ac.uk
Article received on August 23, 2005; accepted on October 02, 2007
Abstract
This study is the first attempt for integration voting algorithms with fault diagnosis devices. Voting algorithms are used to arbitrate between the results of redundant modules in faulttolerant systems. Smart sensors are used for FDI (Fault Detection and Isolation) purposes by means of their built in intelligence. Integration of fault masking and FDI strategies is necessary in the construction of ultraavailable/safe systems with online fault detection capability. This article introduces a range of novel software voting algorithms which adjudicate among the results of redundant smart sensors in a Triple Modular Redundant (TMR) system. Techniques to integrate replicated smart sensors and fault masking approach are discussed, and a classification of hybrid voters is provided based on result and confidence values, which affect the metrics of availability and safety.Thus, voters are classified into four groups: Independentdiagnostic safetyoptimised voters, Integrateddiagnostic safetyoptimised voters, Independentdiagnostic availabilityoptimised voters and Integrateddiagnostic availabilityoptimised voters. The properties of each category are explained and sample versions of each class as well as their possible application areas are discussed.
Keywords: UltraAvailable System, Smart Sensor, Fault Masking, Triple Modular Redundancy.
Resumen
Este estudio es una primer aproximación para la integración de algoritmos de voteo con dispositivos de diagnóstico de fallas. Los algoritmos de voteo son usados para arbitrar entre los resultados de elementos redundantes en sistemas tolerantes a fallas. Los sensores inteligentes son usados para propósitos de detección y separación de fallas (FDI) dada la capacidad su capacidad de inteligencia construida. La integración de enmascaramiento de fallas y las estrategias de FDI is necesaria en la construcción de sistemas altamente disponibles y seguros con la capacidad de detección de fallas en línea. Este artículo introduce un rango de algoritmos de voteo los cuales adjudican un resultado entre los resultados generados por los sensores inteligentes en un módulo de redundancia triple. Las técnicas para integrar los sensores inteligentes replicados y la aproximación de enmascaramiento de fallas son revisadas en este artículo. Una clasificación de algoritmos de voteo híbrido es provista con base en el resultado y los valores de confianza los cuales afectan las métricas de disponibilidad y seguridad de estos algoritmos. De hecho los algoritmos de voteo son clasificados en cuatro grupos: DiagnósticoIndependiente con seguridadoptimizada, DiagnósticoIntegrado con seguridadoptimizada, DiagnósticoIndependiente con disponibilidadopitimizada y DiagnósticoIntegrado con disponibilidadoptimizada. Las propiedades de cada categoría son revisadas asi como muestras de sus implementaciones son discutidas.
Palabras clave: Sistemas con Alta Disponibilidad, Sensores Inteligentes, Enmascaramiento de Fallas, Redundancia Modular Triple.
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of CONACYT Scholarship number 71391 project I35561A and DISCAIIMAS UNAM and UNAMPAPIIT (IN101307 and IN105303) México, and the High Performance Computing Proyect within the "Macroproyecto Tecnologas para la Universidad de la Información y la Computación" of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM).
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