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Salud mental
versão impressa ISSN 0185-3325
Resumo
DIAZ-SANCHEZ, Juan Pablo; SOLIS-CHAGOYAN, Héctor e BENITEZ-KING, Gloria A.. Prodromes and biological markers in schizophrenia: Importance for the dopamine, glutamate, and neurodevelopmental hypothesis. Salud Ment [online]. 2022, vol.45, n.5, pp.261-272. Epub 13-Dez-2022. ISSN 0185-3325. https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2022.033.
Background
Since schizophrenia is a multifactorial mental illness, a basic understanding of its etiological components improves its understanding, diagnosis, and the selection of therapeutic targets.
Objective
To identify the prodromes and biological markers in schizophrenic or ultra-high risk (UHR) patients and elucidate their specificity.
Method
Narrative review of relevant sources in English and Spanish in the Medline-PubMed database on minor physical abnormalities, cognitive abnormalities, neuroanatomical, and synaptic and cell changes present in schizophrenic patients and/or subjects with a high risk of developing schizophrenia
Results
Patients with SZ and, to a lesser extent, UHR subjects present phenotypic and behavioral manifestations that correlate with underlying cell processes. The study of the latter makes it possible to characterize diagnostic biomarkers. At present, its clinical application is limited by factors such as poorly understood pathophysiology, lack of study models, homology with other psychiatric disorders, and the dearth of clinical trials conducted.
Discussion and conclusion
Schizophrenia is the final manifestation of damage to prenatal and post-natal neurodevelopment and is reflected during the prodromal stage in early biological markers with clinical relevance. It is necessary to establish new study models that will increase knowledge to offer specific biomarkers for use in early clinical diagnosis.
Palavras-chave : Schizophrenia; etiology; risk factors; biomarkers; synapsis; dopamine; NMDAR.