BACKGROUND:

Acute kidney injury is a common complication in patients with acute heart failure.

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics of patients hospitalized due to an event of type 1 cardiorrenal syndrome.

MATERIAL AND METHOD:

A prospective study including patients hospitalized with acute heart failure, whose clinical diagnosis was established according to Framingham criteria. Definitive diagnosis was corroborated by echocardiography and serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide. Acute kidney injury was diagnosed and classified at admission or during hospitalization according to Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN). Clinical, epidemiological and laboratorial characteristics were compared between patients with and without acute kidney injury. Etiology, severity and evolution of acute kidney injury episodes were studied. The risk factors associated to acute kidney injury were studied with logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS:

There were included 67 patients with mean age of 66 ± 16 years and 52.2% were male. Acute kidney injury was observed in 53.7% of the patients, of whom 47.2% corresponded to episodes of AKIN 1, 27.8% to AKIN 2 and 25% to AKIN 3. Oliguric acute kidney injury was present in 33.3% of cases and 13.9% required dialysis. Renal function recovery at hospital discharge was observed in 50% of patients. The risk factors associated with acute kidney injury were: inotropic use with OR of 5.0 (95% CI 0.98-26.6, p = 0.05) and previous diagnosis of chronic renal disease with OR of 18 (95% CI, 3.6-102.2; p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS:

Acute kidney injury was a frequent complication in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure in our population. Inotropic requirement as an expression of the severity of heart failure and a history of chronic renal disease were the independently factors associated with the development of acute kidney injury.

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