The paper presents a new reading on the construction of acid-base theory in the twentieth century, more specifically the participation of S.A. Arrhenius, J.N. Bronsted, T.M. Lowry and G.N. Lewis. Along the historiographical review confronted naive views of the nature of science in order to achieve a better reflection on the scientist’s role in science. The reading will provide a rethink about the importance of the history of chemistry in the classroom.