Resumo

MALDONADO VILLALON, José Arturo; CORTES GALLEGOS, Nalda Ludvina; GOMEZ-ALONSO, Carlos  e  ORTIZ GONZALEZ, María de Jesús. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in rural, suburban and urban areas of the states of Guanajuato and Michoacan, Mexico. Rev. Mex. Cardiol [online]. 2012, vol.23, n.3, pp.125-133. ISSN 0188-2198.

Introduction: Unknown prevalence of cardiovascular disease in cardio metabolic risk factors in rural, suburban and urban areas of the states of Guanajuato and Michoacán, which are common to rural work exporter to the United States of America and urbanized cities, habits such as inadequate physical activity, consumption of saturated fats, job instability, which can lead to emotional stress, consequently hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity, smoking and even disglycemics states, risk factors that vary according to customs, culture, health and education in each population. Objective: Determine prevalence of cardio metabolic risk factors and their association with different types of dyslipidemia, among populations: rural, suburban and urban areas of Guanajuato and Michoacán. Material and methods: Epidemiologic, cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study applied to 721 individuals of rural, suburban and urban populations of Guanajuato and Michoacán, what was registered: age, short, antecedents of premature cardiovascular disease, systemic blood pressure, smoking, anthropometric measurements, percentage of corporal fat, glucose and lipid profile. Results obtained the prevalence of risk factors and his association with different types of dyslipidemia determining the relative risk. Results: The prevalence of risk factors were: for rural population in Michoacán, the abdominal circumference and percentage of corporal fat. Urban population solely percentage of corporal fat; for Guanajuato suburban population the index of corporal mass, percentage of corporal fat and Stature. The results in the urban population of Michoacán are unfavorable against the rural and suburban population of Guanajuato and Michoacán in percentage of corporal fat. Cholesterol HDL was inferior in the suburban, clinically unfavorable for Michoacán, although statistically homogenous. The triglycerides were clinically high and statistically homogenous for rural, suburban and urban population in both states. 1.- Atherogenic dislipidemia in urban population are associated with obesity, arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome; in suburban population with overweight, arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome and in rural population with overweight and metabolic syndrome. 2.- Dislipidemia mixed with prehypertension and diabetes in rural population; and with smoking addiction in suburban population. 3.- Hypercholesterolemia are associated with smoking addiction in suburban population. Conclusions: With these results the suggestion is that rural populations return to traditional foods of each region with natural foods, mostly without the presence of saturated fats and simple carbohydrates, as well as the implementation of physical activity plans that would reduce the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors to reduce abdominal circumference, and systolic blood pressure in Michoacán. The suburban population is exposed to different lifestyles to urban and rural populations, as well as determining risk factors such as lack of financial resources to satisfy their basic needs, presence of work stress or lack of work, inadequate food with a high intake of simple carbohydrates and saturated fats, lack of physical activity, smoking status, lack of access or lack of preventive health services and welfare, public or private, requiring new proposals to promote education of health, food, economic compensation and labor opportunities to reach sustainable changes in lifestyles to increase the height and to lower body mass index in Guanajuato. Finally the urban population has more needs satisfied, with fewer risk factors but advanced consequences as obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome.

Palavras-chave : Factors of cardiovascular risk; rural; urban and suburban populations.

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