Resumo

RUIZ-GONZALEZ, Rosey O.  e  VICTORINO-RAMIREZ, Liberio. Response of jamaica-bean-corn polyculture system to fertilization treatments in Villaflores, Chiapas, Mexico. Agrociencia [online]. 2015, vol.49, n.5, pp.545-557. ISSN 2521-9766.

Maize (Zea mays L.) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are the crops with which peasant families cover their most basic needs. These crops, however, are no longer profitable due to several factors. For this reason, family subsistence is at risk and it is necessary to seek productive alternatives to improve the economy of smallholder families. This study was carried out during the 1999-2000 spring-summer growing season in Villaflores, Chiapas, in order to assess the response of jamaica-bean-maize polyculture to three fertilizer treatments (00-0000, 60-60-60 and 120-60-60). The experimental design was randomized blocks with three fertilization treatments, seven cropping patterns and three replications. Vegetative and yield variables of the three species were assessed to observe treatment effects. With the data, an ANOVA was carried out, and treatment means were compared with the Tukey test (p≤0.05). The best vegetative response of jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linneo) was in association with beans and maize and the 60-60-60 fertilization treatment. This treatment produced the largest quantity of foliage (170 leaves plant^-1), branches (31 branches plant^-1) and blossoms (54 blossoms plant^-1), and the highest yield of dry calyxes (698 kg ha^-1). In the bean-maize association without fertilization foliage increased (62 leaves plant^{- 1}), and in monoculture with 60-6060 fertilization bean yield was higher (1,565 kg ha^-1). Maize had the best vegetative response (18 leaves plant^-1) when associated with beans and fertilized with 120-60-60, and its highest yield was in association with beans and jamaica (7667 kg ha^-1). The best Equivalent Land Use was 3.31 with the jamaica-bean-maize cropping pattern. The analysis of the results indicates that associating jamaica with maize and beans is a biologically and economically sound productive option that can improve the economy of small farm families.

Palavras-chave : Crop associations; peasant; traditional agriculture; alternative crops.

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