Resumo

LIVAS-GARCIA, Adrián. Energy Input-Output Analysis and Remarks on Sustainability Development, Mexican Case 1970-2010. Ing. invest. y tecnol. [online]. 2015, vol.16, n.2, pp.239-251. ISSN 2594-0732.

Energy for Mexico is an important element for its development: its proper management can contribute to achieve sustainability criteria. The processing for available energy to useful energy has increased due to the fossil fuel production and not technological improvements in conversion and distribution of energy. The concept of energy requirements of energy is used with the input-output methodology and the structural change analysis. The results confirm that the Mexican energy system structure is coupled to fossil fuel, where energy exports, economics, residential and transportation have been the main consumers. The relationship of the direct and indirect energy consumption in regard to the total has changed from 70%-30% to 40%-60% respectively. The 80% of direct consumption is concentrated in transportation, economics and energy exports, 97% of indirect consumption are energy exports, economics and transportation, and in the total consumption, 83% is concentrated in energy exports, economics and transportation. The analysis results show that the most representative effect was the variations in energy consumption, and the least representative was the efficiency in energy conversion and the energy replacement capabilities. In addition to applying the analysis to each sector it was observed that they have had different trajectories in the causes of their energy consumption evolution. It is concluded that the main cause of direct and indirect changes in energy consumption was the production of hydrocarbons in the decade of the 70' increasing the entropy of the Mexican energy system. Energy diversification is identified as the option that has the most significant positive implications for the system by altering the direct and indirect components of the total energy consumption.

Palavras-chave : energy input-output; energy requirement; structural analysis; energy consumption; sustainable development.

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